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Polonnaruwa Ancient City, a magnificent UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of Sri Lanka’s most cherished historical treasures. Located in the North Central Province, this archaeological wonder serves as a window into the island’s glorious past. As the second capital of ancient Sri Lanka, Polonnaruwa showcases impressive architecture, intricate sculptures, and a rich cultural heritage. For travelers seeking to explore Sri Lanka’s history, Polonnaruwa Ancient City is an unmissable destination.
Historical Significance
Polonnaruwa served as the capital of Sri Lanka during the 11th to 13th centuries, following the fall of Anuradhapura. This period marked a golden age of prosperity, as the city flourished under the reign of King Parakramabahu I. The remnants of this era, including palaces, temples, and stupas, provide a glimpse into the advanced engineering and cultural sophistication of the time. Learn more about Polonnaruwa’s history on Wikipedia.
Architectural Marvels
Polonnaruwa Ancient City is celebrated for its architectural brilliance, combining intricate craftsmanship with Buddhist and Hindu influences. The Gal Vihara, a collection of rock-carved Buddha statues, is a prime example of the artistic excellence of the time. Each statue reflects serenity and spirituality, making it a revered site for visitors.
Irrigation Mastery
One of Polonnaruwa’s most impressive achievements is its advanced irrigation systems, such as the Parakrama Samudraya, a vast reservoir built to support agriculture and sustain the city. This feat of engineering demonstrates the ingenuity of ancient Sri Lankan rulers.
Gal Vihara
The Gal Vihara is the crown jewel of Polonnaruwa, featuring four Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock. Each statue—standing, reclining, and seated—exudes grace and spirituality, making it a must-visit spot.
Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu
The remains of this grand palace offer a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of ancient royalty. Once a seven-story building, it now stands as a testament to Polonnaruwa’s architectural sophistication.
Sacred Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa)
This compact area is home to some of the most significant religious monuments, including the Vatadage, Thuparama Gedige, and the Hatadage. The Vatadage, a circular relic house, is particularly admired for its ornate carvings and harmonious design.
Lankatilaka Temple
This towering brick structure, with its impressive Buddha statue, is an iconic symbol of Polonnaruwa’s grandeur. The temple’s intricate details showcase the artistic skill of its creators.
Parakrama Samudraya
The “Sea of Parakrama” is an engineering marvel and a serene spot for visitors. This massive reservoir not only highlights the city’s irrigation prowess but also offers breathtaking views, especially during sunrise or sunset.
Explore on a Bicycle
The best way to explore the sprawling ruins is by bicycle. Renting a bike allows you to navigate the city at your own pace and fully immerse yourself in its historical charm.
Learn at the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum
Before or after your visit, stop by the museum to gain deeper insights into the history and artifacts of Polonnaruwa. This adds context to the monuments you explore.
Witness Local Wildlife
The ancient city is surrounded by lush greenery and is home to various wildlife species. Keep an eye out for monkeys, peacocks, and other birds during your exploration.
The ideal time to visit Polonnaruwa Ancient City is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is pleasant for outdoor exploration. Morning and late afternoon are the best times to avoid the midday heat.
Polonnaruwa is easily accessible from major cities like Colombo and Kandy. The distance from Colombo is approximately 230 km, and you can reach the site by car, bus, or train. The nearest train station is Polonnaruwa Railway Station, located about 5 km from the ancient city.
128/B walawaththa road,Seeduwa,Katunayaka,Sri Lanka
Polonnaruwa Ancient City is more than just a historical site; it’s a testament to Sri Lanka’s golden age of culture, spirituality, and engineering. From its awe-inspiring architecture to its tranquil landscapes, every corner of this ancient city tells a story of resilience and brilliance. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a culture lover, or a curious traveler, Polonnaruwa offers a journey through time that’s both enriching and unforgettable.
Ready to explore the wonders of Polonnaruwa Ancient City? Plan your trip today and step into a world where history comes alive.
