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Polonnaruwa, located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, is an ancient city steeped in history and culture. As one of the island’s former capitals, Polonnaruwa is renowned for its well-preserved ruins that tell the story of Sri Lanka’s rich past. The city was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982 and is part of the island’s Cultural Triangle, along with Anuradhapura and Sigiriya.
From colossal Buddha statues to the intricately carved temples and stupas, Polonnaruwa offers travelers an authentic glimpse into Sri Lanka’s ancient civilization. In addition to its cultural significance, Polonnaruwa is surrounded by beautiful landscapes, lush greenery, and thriving wildlife, making it a must-visit destination.
Polonnaruwa became Sri Lanka’s second capital city in the 11th century AD after the fall of Anuradhapura. Under the rule of King Parakramabahu I, the city experienced a golden era of prosperity and development. King Parakramabahu, known for his architectural brilliance and emphasis on agriculture, built an extensive irrigation system and numerous monumental structures that still stand today.
The fall of Polonnaruwa came in the 13th century due to invasions, but the remains of the city continue to inspire awe among visitors. Each structure and monument in Polonnaruwa reflects the rich history, advanced technology, and cultural heritage of the ancient Sinhalese kingdom.
When visiting Polonnaruwa, there are several must-see attractions that provide insight into its glorious past. Below are some of the top highlights:
The Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu I was once a grand seven-story building with over a thousand rooms. Today, its massive stone foundations and remaining walls give a glimpse of its former grandeur. A walk through the ruins allows visitors to imagine the palace in its heyday.
Gal Vihara is one of Polonnaruwa’s most iconic landmarks. This ancient Buddhist temple features four colossal Buddha statues carved into a single slab of granite. These statues, which represent various postures of Buddha (standing, reclining, and seated), are considered masterpieces of ancient Sinhalese sculpture.
The Sacred Quadrangle is a compact yet architecturally rich area filled with religious monuments. It includes the Vatadage, a circular relic house that is one of the best-preserved structures in Polonnaruwa, and Thuparama, a shrine hall that houses a statue of Buddha.
Rankoth Vehera is the largest stupa in Polonnaruwa and stands as a testament to the city’s religious significance. This massive brick structure, which once housed sacred relics, is surrounded by lush greenery, creating a serene atmosphere for visitors.
This image house is known for its imposing, 41-foot-high standing Buddha statue. The walls of the structure are adorned with intricate carvings, showcasing the artistry of the time.
To gain a deeper understanding of Polonnaruwa’s history, a visit to the Polonnaruwa Museum is highly recommended. The museum provides valuable insights into the city’s cultural heritage, with exhibits featuring artifacts, statues, and models of the ancient city.
Polonnaruwa is not only famous for its historical ruins but also for its proximity to some of Sri Lanka’s best wildlife reserves. Nature lovers will have the opportunity to explore lush jungles and spot a variety of wildlife.
Minneriya National Park is known for the “Gathering,” an annual event where hundreds of elephants congregate around the Minneriya Reservoir during the dry season. Apart from elephants, visitors can also spot deer, leopards, and a diverse array of bird species.
Kaudulla National Park, located near Polonnaruwa, is another excellent spot for elephant safaris. The park is home to a thriving population of elephants, along with other wildlife such as sloth bears, crocodiles, and numerous bird species.
The best time to visit Polonnaruwa is during the dry season, from May to September. The weather is pleasant, and it is easier to explore the ruins and engage in outdoor activities such as safaris without the disruption of rain. However, Polonnaruwa is a year-round destination, and visiting during the off-peak months can provide a quieter and more serene experience.
128/B walawaththa road,Seeduwa,Katunayaka,Sri Lanka
Polonnaruwa is accessible by various means of transportation. Depending on your preference and budget, you can choose between bus, train, or private car.
Buses to Polonnaruwa are available from major cities like Colombo, Kandy, and Anuradhapura. The bus ride is affordable and takes around 5-7 hours from Colombo, depending on traffic.
Train travel to Polonnaruwa is another popular option. The Polonnaruwa Railway Station connects the city to Colombo, Kandy, and other major cities. The train ride is comfortable and offers scenic views of the countryside.
For a more convenient and flexible option, you can hire a private car or taxi. This allows for a faster and more direct route to Polonnaruwa, with the added benefit of stopping at other attractions along the way.
When visiting Polonnaruwa, it is important to be mindful of the local customs and traditions. Here are a few tips:
Yes, Sri Lanka is generally safe for solo female travelers. However, it's important to take standard precautions, such as avoiding isolated areas at night and dressing modestly, especially in rural and religious sites.
The best time depends on the region. For the west and south coasts, visit from December to March. For the east coast, April to September is ideal.
No, you don’t need a guide, but hiring one for specific tours (like safaris or cultural sites) can enhance your experience and provide valuable insights.
A daily budget of $30-$50 should cover budget accommodations, local food, and transport. For a more luxurious experience, budget around $100-$150 per day.
